Adaptación marginal e interna de cofias fabricadas por métodos convencionales, CAD/CAM de fresado y sinterizado por láser / Marginal and internal adaptation of copings manufactured by conventional methods, CAD/CAM milling and laser sintering

Introducción: la adaptación marginal e interna de nuestras restauraciones fabricadas por fundición sistemas de fresado y sinterización láser es uno de los factores clínicos más importantes para el éxito de las prótesis fijas, previniendo el riesgo de microfiltración y enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo: evaluar la adaptación marginal e interna de cofias metálicas en aleación Cr-Co confeccionadas por técnicas convencionales, CAD/ CAM de fresado y sinterizado por láser. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo experimental, comparativo e in vitro. Se imprimió un modelo maestro en Cr-Co, proveniente del escaneo de un premolar preparado para corona completa, sobre el cual se diseñaron 30 cofias divididas en tres grupos: el primero que corresponde al grupo cofias fundidas fresadas en disco de cera A (A = 10), el segundo grupo cofias fresadas en disco de metal presinterizado B (B = 10) y el tercer grupo cofias impresas por sinterización láser C (C = 10). Se empleó la réplica de silicona, colocando silicona al interior de cada cofia, sobre el modelo maestro, simulando al cemento, mediante una máquina de ensayo universal se realizó una compresión de 50 N. Luego de retirar cada cofia se rellenaron con silicona pesada de adición, obteniendo una réplica de silicona. Se efectuaron dos cortes transversales en sentido vestíbulolingual y mesiodistal. Se observó el espesor de silicona VPS (vinil poliéter silicona) mediante un estereomicroscopio (Nikon SMZ745T), obteniendo valores en micrómetros. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS 25 con el fin de realizar la prueba de normalidad y ANOVA de dos vías bajo un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: el menor gap lo obtuvo el grupo de fresadas, seguido de las impresas y por último las fundidas por métodos convencionales. ANOVA de dos vías reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: se encontró que el gap varía con cada método de fabricación, la técnica convencional de fundido mostró un mayor gap, ninguna excediendo el rango clínicamente aceptable (AU)

Introduction: the marginal and internal adaptation of our restorations manufactured by casting, milling systems and laser sintering is one of the most important clinical factors for the success of fixed prostheses, preventing the risk of microleakage and periodontal disease. Objective: evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of metal copings in Cr-Co alloy made by conventional techniques, CAD/CAM milling and laser sintering. Material and methods: an experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown. An experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown, on which 30 caps divided into three groups were designed; the first group corresponds to the cast copings milled on a wax disc A (A = 10), the second group milled copings on a presintered metal disc B (B = 10) and the third group printed by laser sintering copings C (C = 10). The silicone replica was used, placing silicone inside each coping, on the master model, simulating cement, using a universal testing machine, a 50 N compression was performed. After removing each coping, they were filled with heavy addition silicone, obtaining a silicone replica. Two cross-sections were made in the buccolingual and mesiodistal direction., observing the thickness of the VPS (vinyl polyeter silicone) silicone using a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ745T), obtaining values in micrometers. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS 25 software was used in order to perform the normality and two-way ANOVA tests under a 95% confidence level. Results: the smallest gap was obtained by the milled group, followed by the printed ones and finally those cast by conventional methods. Two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: the gap was found to vary with each fabrication method, the conventional casting technique showed a larger gap, none exceeding the clinically acceptable range (AU)

Smartphone co-aided cobalt blue anterior segment with intraocular lens photography

In this report, we have utilized a smartphone-based innovative tool named anterior segment photography with an intraocular lens (ASPI) with a cobalt blue filter on the smartphone flash for photographing fluorescein-stained corneas. An intraocular lens along with a cobalt blue filter was attached to the smartphone camera to achieve this purpose. The filter could block out all wavelengths of light except the blue wavelength (450–490 nm) emerging from the smartphone camera. A pilot study was conducted on 27 eyes of 25 patients where images of various corneal pathologies were obtained using ASPI blue light imaging. The images were clear and highly magnified and could be used for documentation, teleconsultation for expert opinion, education, and monitoring of disease progression. ASPI-aided blue light imaging could be easily fabricated and is a frugal inexpensive device, which is used by different ophthalmic personnel to obtain fluorescein-stained corneal images.

Determination of cobalt and tungsten in human urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To establish a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of trace cobalt and tungsten in human urine. Methods: The authors used 1% nitric acid solution as diluent in October-December 2021, the sample dilution factor and internal standard element were optimized by single factor rotation experiment, and the difference between the working curve and the standard curve was compared. Results: The method uses working curve to determine cobalt and tungsten in urine, the linear range of this method was 0.0~10.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limits respectively were 0.005 μg/L (cobalt) and 0.09 μg/L (tungsten), the recoveries of samples respectively were 87.0%~100.2% (cobalt) and 89.4%~104.8% (tungsten), the relative standard deviations respectively were 0.4%~4.4% (cobalt) and 0.6%~3.8% (tungsten) . Conclusion: A simple and rapid method for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine has been established. This method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, low detection limit and good stability. It is suitable for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine of all kinds of people.

Angiogenic property of cobalt and calcium-phosphorus doped coating on titanium surfaces in vitro / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the effect of cobalt (Co) and calcium-phosphate (Ca/P) doped coating on titanium surfaces and their angiogenic effect.@*Methods @# Microarc oxidation (MAO) was used to prepare Co-Ca/P-doped and Co-doped coatings. Titanium (Ti) sheet without MAO treatment was used as control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface micromorphology of the coatings. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) was also applied to detect the doped chemicals and their contents. Standard soaking solutions of these coatings were prepared using an endothelial cell medium (ECM) solution for subsequent angiogenesis experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on Matrigel with ECM soaking solutions for 4 h and 8 h. The microvessels were observed under a microscope, and the number of microtubules and their interconnecting nodes were analyzed with Image J software. @*Results@# Co doped and Co-Ca/P-doped coatings were successfully prepared by MAO, which was demonstrated by both SEM observation and EDS analysis. SEM observation showed that irregular crystals of the above chemicals were present on both Co and Co-Ca/P-doped coatings, commonly with a diameter <2 μm. However, more crystals were observed on the Co-Ca/P coatings than on the Co coating, and the distribution of the crystals was more homogenous on the Co-Ca/P coatings. However, only polishing scratches were observed on the Ti sample surface. EDS analysis indicated that in contrast to only Co in the Co coating, Co, Ca and P were doped within the Co-Ca/P coating, and none of the three elements were observed on the Ti plate surface. The number of vascular rings and nodes formed by HUVECs in the extract of the Co-Ca/P group was significantly higher than that of the Co group (P<0.05), and the angiogenic effect of these two components was significantly better than that of the Ti group (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#The Co-Ca/P coating exhibits good angiogenic properties in vitro and is valuable for the development of new titanium implants with high surface bioactivity.

Evaluation of EDM inclusion into the conventional polishing of printed Co-Cr alloy by selective laser melting / Avaliação da inclusão de EDM no polimento convencional da liga de Co-Cr impressa por fusão seletiva a laser

Objective: The selective laser melting (SLM) technique used in manufacturing results in a rougher surface that requires more satisfying processing than conventional hand-finishing operations. The electro discharge machine (EDM) has various possibilities in the adjustment of surfaces. The present study assesses whether the participation of the EDM technique with the conventional finishing and polishing methods enables surface improvement for the Cobalt-Chromium alloy fabricated by SLM. Material and Methods: Twenty discs of cobalt chromium alloy were fabricated by SLM, divided equally into two groups: (TF) control group for finishing and polishing in the conventional method in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations; and (EF) group for conducting polishing incorporating the EDM method. Results: The EF group recorded the lowest mean value of surface roughness and the highest mean value of micro hardness compared to the TF group. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for surface roughness as well as micro hardness. Conclusion: Reliance of the electric discharge machine proactively within finishing and polishing procedures promotes competence in the conventional polishing method and improves the surface properties of cobalt chromium alloy printed by SLM technology (AU)

Objetivo: A técnica de fusão a laser seletiva (SLM) usada na fabricação resulta em uma superfície mais rugosa a qual requer um processamento mais satisfatório do que o acabamento manual. A máquina de eletro descarga (EDM) possui várias possibilidades no ajuste de superfícies. O presente estudo avalia se a participação da técnica EDM associada aos métodos convencionais de acabamento e polimento possibilita a melhora da superfície da liga Cobalto-Cromo fabricada através da SLM. Material e Métodos: Vinte discos de liga de cromo-cobalto foram confeccionados por SLM, e divididos igualmente em dois grupos: (TF) grupo controle, realizado acabamento e polimento pelo método convencional de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante; e (EF) grupo do polimento associado ao método EDM. Resultados: O grupo EF registrou o menor valor médio de rugosidade superficial e o maior valor médio de microdureza em relação ao grupo TF. Além disso, diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P < 0,05) foram encontradas para rugosidade superficial, assim como para a microdureza. Conclusão: A confiança na máquina de descarga elétrica proativamente nos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento promove a competência no método de polimento convencional e melhora as propriedades de superfície da liga de cromo-cobalto impressa pela tecnologia SLM(AU)

A descrição teórica da determinação eletroquímica do fármaco perilartina, assistida pelo oxihidróxido de cobalto, emparelhado com o seu dióxido

Introdução: perilartina é um adoçante natural potente, considerado 2000 vezes mais doce que o açúcar comum. Ela pode ser alérgica para algumas pessoas. Além disso, ela se usa apenas no Japão, o que pressupõe a possibilidade de adulterar produtos japoneses sem o seu uso. Assim, o desenvolvimento de um método eficiente da sua determinação qualificativa e quantificação é realmente atual. Metodologia: um modelo matemático de um processo anódico foi desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. O modelo inclui os cenários mais prováveis do andamento do processo eletroanalítico. Resultados: a perilartina é oxidada no meio básico, formando o poliol e o sal do "pseudoácido" correspondente, o que contribui fortemente para a força iônica da dupla camada elétrica. Isto pode ser responsável pela aparição das instabilidades oscilatória e monotônica no processo eletroanalítico. Conclusão: malgrado o supracitado, o compósito é um modificador eficiente para a determinação eletroquímica da perilartina no meio básico.

Introducción: perilartina es un edulcorante natural potente, considerado 2000 veces más dulce que el azúcar común. Esta puede causar alergia a algunas personas. Además, ella solo se usa en Japón, lo que presupone la posibilidad de falsificar productos japoneses sin su uso. Así, el desarrollo de un método eficiente de su determinación cuantitativa y cualitativa es realmente actual. Metodología: un modelo matemático de un proceso anódico fue desarrollado y analizado mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal e análisis de bifurcaciones. El modelo incluye los escenarios más probables del curso del proceso electroanalítico. Resultados: la perilartinase oxida en el medio básico, formando el poliol y la sal del "pseudoácido" correspondiente, lo que contribuye fuertemente para la fuerza iónica de la doble capa eléctrica. Esto puede ser responsable por la aparición de las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica en el proceso electroanalítico. Conclusión: a pesar de lo mencionado, el compuesto es un modificador eficaz para la determinación electroquímica de la perilartina en el medio básico.

SUMMARY Introduction: Perillartine is a strong natural sweetener, considered 2000 as sweet as a common sugar. It may be allergic to some people. Also, it is used only in Japan, which may presuppose the possibility of falsify Japanese products without its use. Thus the development of an eficiente method of its quantitative and qualitative determination is really actual. Methodology: A mathematical model of an anodic process has been developed and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The model includes the most probable scenarios of the course of the electroanalytical process. Results: Perillartine is oxidized in basic media, yielding the polyol and the correspondent pseudoacid salt, which strongly contributes to the double electric layer ionic force. This may be responsible for the oscillatory and monotonic instabilities appearance in the electroanalytical process. Conclusion: Despite of the above mentioned statements, the composite is na efficient modifier for the electrochemical determination of perillartine in basic media.

Molecular docking and Antibacterial activities of Cobalt (II) complexes derived from precursors of Hydrazones

The Schiff base ligands in their deprotonated forms have been utilized to synthesize thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized Cobalt(II) complexes. In the complexes, cobalt ion present is in distorted octahedral arrangement and is coordinated by four tridentate ligands in complexes. The synthesized Schiff base ligands coordinate with Cobalt (II) ion through four azomethine nitrogen atoms and two sulfur atoms developing a 6- membered chelate ring. Synthesized Cobalt(II) complexes via hexadentate ligands have been characterized thoroughly through various spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR, TGA, TEM, SEM, Particle size, Elemental analysis (C, H, N, Co, S) and conductivity measurements. All Cobalt(II) complexes have been evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against isolated bacterial strains of E. coli (MTCC-1687), E. faecalis (MTCC-439), S. aureus (MTCC-737) and MR S. aureus (Indigenous). All Cobalt complexes show mild to moderate antibacterial activity. The MIC ranged from 50 µg/ mL to 3.125 µg/ mL. All Cobalt(II) complexes displayed in-vitro antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. It may be proved that the antibacterial activity of the complexes is related to the cell wall structure of the tested bacteria. In-vitro toxicity tests explained the Cobalt complexes were less cytotoxic than the Vancomycin drug on A431 cancer cell lines and the results explain that synthesized Cobalt complexes can act as potent antimicrobial agents and can be considered as a good drug candidate for medicinal chemistry researchers.

Evaluating pinhão conservation by using ionizing radiation and refrigeration

Pinhão is highly perishable due to its high water activity, being easily affected by fungi during storage and also susceptible to infestation by larvae. This seed is usually marketed in the pinhão cones itself, or bulk threshed, and packed in plastic bags, chilled or ground frozen. Pinhão conservation and industrialization techniques should be developed to promote its commercialization and consumption at other times of the year, besides the seasonal period, encouraging its sustainable production, extraction and commercialization, considering its essentially extractive character. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conservation of pinhão by the use of gamma radiation and refrigeration. The pinhões were irradiated with a cobalt­60 source at a dose rate of 1 kGy. A non-irradiated sample was used as a control. The pinhões were packed in high-density polyethylene bags and stored at ambient temperature and refrigerated at 4 ºC, during 90 days. Pinhões were evaluated for weight loss, acidity, reducing sugars, vitamin C, firmness, color, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological analyzes. The isolated use of gamma radiation was not effective for the maintenance of the evaluated parameters. However, when used in conjunction with refrigerated storage, it reduced the growth of aerobic fungi, as well as mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The isolated use of refrigeration showed a reduction in weight loss, reducing sugars and an increase in vitamin C content and antioxidant activity. Thus, to increase the benefits, we suggest evaluating higher doses of radiation as a function of the thick pinhão shell.

Relationship of urine cobalt and individual exposure levels of cobalt and its compounds in cobalt exposed workers / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - To analyze the relationship between cobalt level of post shift urine and individual exposure level of ， cobalt and its compounds in cobalt exposed workers and to explore the feasibility of using urine cobalt as a biomarker. Methods - A total of 148 occupational cobalt exposed workers from a new material company were selected as the exposed ， - - group and 44 non occupational cobalt exposed workers from the company were selected as the control group using the typical sampling method. The exposure concentration of time weighted average of cobalt and its compounds in the workplace air of the - two groups was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as the individual exposure level. The cobalt levels - - of pre shift and post shift urinary samples of the two groups were detected by this method. The linear relationship between the - cobalt level of post shift urine and the individual exposure level of cobalt and its compounds in the air of the workplace was Results - 3 analyzed. The individual exposure level of cobalt and its compounds in the exposed group was 1.10 131.71 μg/m with （M） 3 the median of 12.23 μg/m. No cobalt and its compounds were detected in the workplace air in the control group. The cobalt - - levels of pre shift and post shift urines in exposed group were higher than those in the control group at the same time point （M： vs ， vs ， P ） - - 1.54 0.56 μg/L 8.77 0.83 μg/L all <0.01 . The cobalt level of post shift urine was higher than that in pre shift （M： vs ，P ）， urine in the exposed group 8.77 1.54 μg/L <0.01 and it was positively correlated with the individual exposure level （ ，P ） ， of cobalt and its compounds Spearman correlation coefficient=0.86 <0.01 . After common logarithm conversion the linear regression equation of the cobalt level of post shift urine and the common logarithm of individual exposure level of cobalt and （x） ：ŷ x（ ；F ， its compounds in the exposed group was as follows = −0.178 + 0.988 coefficient of determination=0.72 =374.75 P ；t ， P ） Conclusion - <0.01 = - 19.36 <0.01 . There was a linear correlation between cobalt level of post shift urine and occupational cobalt exposure level of cobalt exposed workers. Urinary cobalt can be used as a biomarker of occupational cobalt

A descrição teórica da detecção eletroquímica do fármaco olanzapina, assistida pelo compósito do oxihidróxido de cobalto (III) com um corante esquaraínico

Introdução: a olanzapina é um dos fármacos antipsicóticos benzodiazepínicos mais usados no mundo. Apesar da sua eficiência, em concentrações excessivas, ela sói ser tóxica, como quaisquer outros fármacos desta classe. Assim, neste trabalho, se avaliou, pela primeira vez, a possibilidade da detecção eletroquímica do fármaco olanzapina, assistida pelo compósito do oxihidróxido de cobalto (III), emparelhado com o dióxido, com um corante esquaraínico. Método: o modelo matemático trivariante correspondente inclui dois cenários de oxidação do fármaco, possíveis para o caso, incluindo a eletropolimerização indireta da molécula da benzodiazepina condensada, bem como a oxidação do fármaco pelo átomo do enxofre. Este modelo tem sido desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. Resultados e discussão: a análise do modelo há mostrado que a hibridez do mecanismo do processo eletroanalítico, aliada à composição e descomposição dos compostos iônicos aquando da sua realização, aumenta a probabilidade da ocorrência do comportamento oscilatório, em relação ao caso mais simples e mais comum. No entretanto, a instabilidade oscilatória se realiza nos valores dos parâmetros, que estão além do limite de detecção. Por sua vez, o estado estacionário se obtém e se mantém facilmente, indicando um processo eletroanalítico eficiente, controlado pela difusão do analito. Conclusões: trata-se de um processo eletroanalítico eficiente, em que o composto de cobalto funciona como substância ativa, e o corante desempenha o papel de mediador

SUMMARY Introduction: olanzapine is one of the most used antipsychotic drugs in the world. Although it is efficient, it may be toxic in excess. Therefore, in this work the possibility of olanzapine electrochemical determination over an electrode, modified by the cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide in pair with its dioxide in a composite with squaraine dye. Methods: the trivariant correspondent mathematical model includes two scenarios of the drug oxidation, possible for the case, including the indirect electropolymerization of the condensed benzodiazepine molecule, like also its oxidation by sulfur atom. This model has been developed and analyzed by means of stability theory and bifurcation analysis. Results and discussion: the analysis of the model has shown that the mechanism hybridity of the electroanalytical process, alongside with the formation and decomposition of ionic compounds during its realization, augments the possibility for the oscillatory behavior realization, relatively to the simplest and commonest case. Nevertheless, the oscillatory instability is realized in parameter values far beyond the detection limit. On the other hand, the stable steady-state is easy to obtain and maintain, indicating an efficient electroanalytical process, controlled by the analyte diffusion. Conclusions: the electroanalytical process is efficient. The cobalt compound is acting as an active substance, and the dye is the mediator.

Introducción: la olanzapina es uno de los fármacos antipsicóticos más utilizados en el mundo. Aunque es eficaz, puede resultar tóxico en exceso. Por tanto, en este trabajo se plantea la posibilidad de la determinación electroquímica de olanzapina sobre un electrodo, modificado por el oxihidróxido de cobalto (III) en pareja con su dióxido en un composito con colorante de escuaraína. Métodos: el modelo matemático correspondiente incluye dos escenarios de oxidación del fármaco, posibles para el caso, que incluyen la electropolimerización indirecta de la molécula de benzodiazepina condensada, así como su oxidación por átomo de azufre. Este modelo ha sido desarrollado y analizado mediante teoría de estabilidad y análisis de bifurcación. Resultados y discusión: el análisis del modelo ha demostrado que el mecanismo de hibridación del proceso electroanalítico, junto con la formación y descomposición de compuestos iónicos durante su realización, aumenta la posibilidad de realización del comportamiento oscilatorio, relativamente al caso más simple y común. Sin embargo, la inestabilidad oscilatoria se realiza en valores de parámetros mucho más allá del límite de detección. Por otro lado, el estado estacionario estable es fácil de obtener y mantener, lo que indica un proceso electroanalítico eficiente, controlado por la difusión del analito. Conclusiones: el proceso electroanalítico es eficiente. El compuesto de cobalto actúa como sustancia activa y el colorante es el mediador.

Dermatite fotoalérgica ao pigmento azul de tatuagens: relato de um caso e breve revisão da literatura / Photoallergic dermatitis due to the blue pigment in tattoos: a case report and brief literature review

A prática de tatuagens é muito antiga e atualmente tornou-se extremamente popular, porém traz consigo riscos que não podem ser ignorados. As tintas utilizadas nas tatuagens são um fator importante para o aparecimento de reações adversas. A reação de hipersensibilidade aos pigmentos das tintas é uma das mais comuns. Entre elas, encontram-se reações alérgicas tipo dermatites de contato ou reações de fotossensibilidade, sendo esta última o motivo deste relato. O tratamento indicado é o uso de corticoides e a fotoproteção. Neste artigo, discorreremos especificamente sobre a reação de fotossensibilidade ao pigmento azul, com o relato de um caso e breve revisão da literatura.

Tattooing is a very old practice that has become extremely popular in recent years; however, it carries risks that cannot be ignored. The inks used in tattoos are an important factor for the appearance of adverse reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions to the pigments in the inks are some of the most common. These include allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis or photosensitivity reactions, the latter being the reason for this report. The recommended treatment is the use of corticosteroids and photoprotection. In this article, we will specifically discuss the photosensitivity reaction to the blue pigment with a case report and a brief literature review.

Descripción matemática de la determinación electroanalítica del fármaco salvarsano y su ciclooligómeros, asistida por un compuesto del colorante escuárico y oxihidróxido de cobalto / The mathematical description of the electroanalytical determination of salvarsan drug and its cyclooligomers, assisted by the composite of squaraine dye with cobalt oxyhydroxide / A descrição matemática da determinação eletroanalítica do fármaco salvarsan e seus ciclo-oligômeros, auxiliada pela composição do corante esquaraína com oxihidróxido de cobalto

RESUMEN Objetivo: En este trabajo se realiza, por primera vez, la evaluación teórica de la posibilidad de la detección electroanalítica de salvarsano, fármaco antisifilítico. El oxihidróxido de cobalto, en su compuesto con el colorante escuárico, se usa como modificador de electrodo. Metodología: Mediante el análisis de estabilidad, se ha confirmado su eficiencia en los procesos de detección de salvarsano. La linearidad de dependencia entre el parámetro electroquímico y la concentración del fármaco se obtiene y se mantiene fácilmente. Conclusión: Las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica se realizan en el sistema, causadas por las influencias de las etapas electroquímicas a las capacitancias de la doble capa eléctrica (DCE).

SUMMARY Aim: In this work, the theoretical evaluation of the electroanalytical detection of antisyphilitic drug salvarsan is given for the first time. Cobalt oxyhydroxide in a composite with the squaraine dye is used as electrode modifier. Methodology: By means of the stability analysis the efficiency of the salvarsan determination is confirmed. The linearity of the dependence between the electrochemical parameter and drug concentration is easily obtained and maintained. Conclusion: The oscillatory and monotonic instabilities are realized in this system, being caused by the electrochemical stages' influences to the double electric layer (DEL).

RESUMO Objetivo: neste trabalho, a avaliação teórica da detecção eletroanalítica do antissifilítico salvarsan é feita pela primeira vez. O oxihidróxido de cobalto em um composto com o corante esquaraína é usado como modificador de eletrodo. Metodologia: por meio da análise de estabilidade é confirmada a eficiência da determinação de salvarsan. A linearidade da dependência entre o parâmetro eletroquímico e a concentração do fármaco é facilmente obtida e mantida. Conclusão: as instabilidades osci-latórias e monotônicas são percebidas neste sistema, sendo causadas pelas influências dos estágios eletroquímicos sobre a dupla camada elétrica (DEL).

Sex differences in the link between blood cobalt concentrations and insulin resistance in adults without diabetes

BACKGROUND@#Little is known about the effects of environmental cobalt exposure on insulin resistance (IR) in the general adult population. We investigated the association between cobalt concentration and IR.@*METHODS@#A total of 1281 subjects aged more than 20 years with complete blood cobalt data were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 cycle. Blood cobalt levels were analyzed for their association with IR among all populations and subgroups by sex. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of blood cobalt concentrations in association with fasting glucose, insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were estimated using multivariate linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, education level, and household income. A multivariate generalized linear regression analysis was further carried out to explore the association between cobalt exposure and IR.@*RESULTS@#A negative association between blood cobalt concentration (coefficient = - 0.125, 95% CI - 0.234, - 0.015; P = 0.026) and HOMA-IR in female adults in the age- and sex-adjusted model was observed. However, no associations with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, or insulin were found in the overall population. In the generalized linear models, participants with the lowest cobalt levels had a 2.74% (95% CI 0.04%, 5.50%) increase in HOMA-IR (P for trend = 0.031) compared with subjects with the highest cobalt levels. Restricted cubic spline regression suggested that a non-linear relationship may exist between blood cobalt and HOMA-IR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These results provide epidemiological evidence that low levels of blood cobalt are negatively associated with HOMA-IR in female adults.

Cobalt deficiency in cattle and its impact on production / Deficiência de cobalto em bovinos e seu impacto na produção

Two outbreaks of cobalt deficiency in beef cattle were diagnosed in Midwestern Brazil. We discuss the clinical, epidemiological, pathological features, therapeutic measures, and impact aspects of the production system associated with these outbreaks occurring outbreaks in two farms of extensive cattle raising-system in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven affected cattle were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues for histopathology and microelements dosage were secured. At Farm A, 3100 cattle of all ages got sick, and 396 died; at Farm B, 148 were affected, and 110 died. In both farms, cattle were fed the same mineral supplement. The main clinical signs were weight loss and weakness, even though a good supply of forage was available in the paddocks. Many cattle stop grazing and chew at tree barks, wood chips from fence posts, and bones. In addition to the deaths, there was a compromised growth, and the reproductive rates fell sharply. The necropsied cattle were thin, with rough hair coat and pale mucous membranes. The liver was diffusely orange and showed a lobular pattern. The bone marrow was gelatinous and diffusely yellow. Histological changes included hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. In the white matter of four cattle's brains, the myelin sheath was markedly distended (spongy degeneration). Proliferative parasitic abomasitis was observed in three cattle. The presumptive diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical picture, the necropsy findings, and the ruling out of other possible causes. The diagnosis was confirmed by the favorable response to treatment with cobalt and vitamin B12 orally and by mineral supplementation.(AU)

Dois surtos de deficiência de cobalto em bovinos de corte foram diagnosticados. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos, terapêuticos e impactos no sistema de produção são descritos e discutidos. Os surtos ocorreram em duas fazendas de criação extensiva estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Sete bovinos afetados foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Na necropsia foram colhidas amostras para exames histopatológicos e dosagem de microelementos. Na Fazenda A, 3100 bovinos de todas as idades adoeceram e 396 morreram e na Fazenda B, 148 bovinos adoeceram e 110 morreram. Ambas as fazendas utilizavam o mesmo suplemento mineral. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram emagrecimento e fraqueza, apesar da boa oferta de forragem nos piquetes, muitos bovinos deixaram de pastejar e comiam cascas de árvores, madeira das porteiras e ossos. Além das mortes, tiveram crescimento comprometido e os índices reprodutivos tiveram queda acentuada. Os bovinos necropsiados estavam magros, com os pelos arrepiados e mucosas pálidas. O fígado estava difusamente alaranjado e com evidenciação do padrão lobular. A medula óssea estava de consistência gelatinosa e difusamente amarelada. Alterações histológicas incluíam degeneração vacuolar hemossiderose que era moderada no fígado e marcada no baço. Hipoplasia mieloide e eritoide era vista na medula óssea. Na substância branca do encéfalo de quatro bovinos, a bainha de mielina estava marcadamente distendida (degeneração esponjosa). Abomasite parasitária proliferativa foi observada em três bovinos. O diagnóstico presuntivo baseou-se na associação do quadro clínico, nos achados de necropsia e na eliminação de outras possíveis causas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela resposta favorável ao tratamento com cobalto e vitamina B12 por via oral, e a suplementação mineral.(AU)

A Prospective Study on Concurrent Chemoradiation in Inoperable Carcinomas Esophagus

introduction: Despite many advances in both surgery and radiotherapy, the treatment of esophageal cancer remains a challenge for both surgeons and oncologists. The treatment of choice for patients with carcinoma esophagus is controversial. Recent studies have suggested that combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy may result in improved survival. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the role of concurrent chemoradiation in inoperable carcinomas esophagus. Materials and Methods: This single-arm prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy, Thanjavur Medical College Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 to analyze the role of concurrent chemoradiation in inoperable carcinomas esophagus. A total of 26 cases of inoperable cases of carcinoma esophagus were treated with once-weekly cisplatin 30 mg/ m2 along with radiotherapy 60 Gy in 30 fractions in 6 weeks on telecobalt machine. Results: Of 26 patients 16 patients were males, 10 patients were females, 17 patients had age <60 years, 9 patients had age above 61 years, 22 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 4 patients had adenocarcinoma, 4 patients had lesion in upper part of esophagus, 14 patients had lesion in middle part, 8 patients had lesion in lower part, 4 patients had tumor dimension <5 cm, 22 patients had dimension >5.1 cm, 2 patients had tumor stage T1, 22 patients had T2, 2 patients had T3, 1 patient had Nx, 21 patients had No, 4 patients had N1, 15 patients had mild dysphagia, 8 patients had moderate dysphagia, 3 patients had severe dysphagia1 patients had diarrhea, 1 patient had fatigue, 4 patients had leukopenia, and 1 patient had neutropenia. Conclusion: Combined modality therapy plays a significant role in the treatment of patients with carcinoma esophagus. Concurrent chemoradiation is a superior treatment in inoperable carcinoma esophagus in terms of local control and survival. Hence, concurrent chemoradiation can also be tried in early cases and surgical morbidity survival and quality of life can be improved.

Association between metal cobalt exposure and the risk of congenital heart defect occurrence in offspring: a multi-hospital case-control study

BACKGROUND@#Many studies have investigated heavy metal exposure could increase the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between cobalt exposure and CHD occurrence in offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between cobalt exposure in mothers and the risk of CHDs in offspring.@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#In order to explore the association between cobalt exposure and occurrence of congenital heart defect (CHD), a case-control study with 490 controls and 399 cases with CHDs in China were developed. The concentrations of cobalt in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placental tissue were measured and processed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between cobalt exposure and risk of CHDs.@*RESULTS@#The median concentration of hair cobalt in the control and case group was 0.023 ng/mg and 0.033 ng/mg (aOR, 1.837; 95% CI, 1.468-2.299; P < 0.001), respectively. And the median (5-95% range) fetal placental cobalt concentrations were 19.350 ng/g and 42.500 ng/g (aOR, 2.924; 95% CI, 2.211-3.868; P < 0.001) in the control and case groups, respectively. Significant differences in the middle level of cobalt in hair were found in the different CHD subtypes, including septal defects, conotruncal defects, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < 0.001). Dramatically, different cobalt concentrations in fetal placental tissue were found in all subtypes of cases with CHDs (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The finding suggested that the occurrence of CHDs may be associated with cobalt exposure.

Vitamin B12 deficiency in newly weaned goat kids associated with clinical infection with Eimeria arloingi / Deficiência de vitamina B12 em cabritos recém-desmamados associada à infecção clínica por Eimeria arloingi

Abstract A severe outbreak of diarrhea associated with poor growth was reported in ten newly weaned goat kids that originated from a research farm (Group A). Two of these kids underwent necropsy examination. Five goat kids of the same age maintained in the same pen showed no clinical signs (Group B). The clinical, gross pathological and histopathological features of the clinically sick animals were consistent with severe coccidiosis. Group A animals had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin B12 (<200 pg/ml) compared with group B animals (2000 pg/ml). In addition, kids belonging to group A had significantly higher Eimeria arloingi oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces (101,400/g) compared with kids of group B (9,154/g). Microscopy and molecular tools (18S rRNA and COI genes) confirmed that the goat kids were infected with the caprine protozoan parasite E. arloingi. This study provides a definitive association between low levels of serum vitamin B12 and clinical E. arloingi infection, and also provides support to our previous studies that demonstrated how low levels of serum vitamin B12 leads to an impairment of neutrophil function and thereby potential lowered immunity to pathogens.

Resumo Um surto grave de diarreia, associado à baixo crescimento, foi relatado em dez cabritos recém-desmamados, originários de uma fazenda de pesquisa (Grupo A). Dois animais foram submetidos a exame necroscópico. Cinco cabritos da mesma idade e mantidos na mesma instalação não apresentaram sinais clínicos (Grupo B). As características clínicas e as lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas dos animais clinicamente doentes eram consistentes com coccidiose grave. Os animais do grupo A apresentaram níveis significativamente mais baixos de vitamina B12 sérica (<200 pg / ml) em comparação com os animais do grupo B (2000 pg/ml). Além disso, os animais pertencentes ao grupo A apresentaram um número de oocistos de Eimeria arloingi por grama (OPG) de fezes (101,400/g) significativamente mais alto do que os animais do grupo B (9,154/g). As análises microscópica e molecular (genes 18S rRNA e COI) confirmaram que os cabritos estavam infectados com o protozoário E. arloingi. Este estudo fornece uma associação definitiva entre baixos níveis de vitamina B12 no soro e infecção clínica por E. arloingi. Também fornece suporte aos estudos anteriores, que demonstraram como baixos níveis de vitamina B12 no soro comprometem a função dos neutrófilos e, consequentemente, a imunidade a patógenos.

Functional Iron Indices and Highly Sensitive CRP Post Single Dose Irradiation with Cobalt60 and the Ameliorating Effects of Single and Combined Doses of Aqueous Extracts of Parquetina nigrescens, Camellia sinensis and Telfairia occidentalis in Guinea Pigs

Background: The relationship between iron, hypoxia, inflammation, and erythropoietin in cellular homeostasis is well documented. Patients on radiotherapy are known with active immune/inflammatory disorders often accompanied with reduced iron uptake or unavailability of circulatory iron and hence, must be adequately evaluated. The present study hypothesized “aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis, Telfairia occidentalis and Parquetina nigrescens have chemical properties of ameliorating and restoring to normal, functional iron deficiency sequel to Cobalt 60 irradiation effect”. Materials and Methods: Fifty-Five young male guinea-pigs approximately 450 gram in weight were recruited and thirty were randomly assigned to 3 groups (A, B and C) for the study. Groups A and B were further divided into 4 (A1-4 and B1-4) with 3 animals (n=3) per group. Three guinea-pigs were also assigned to group C. Groups A and B belonged to Pre and post-irradiation groups while groups C served as control. Each animal was given 400r (4.0 Gy) whole-body gamma-irradiation under general anaesthesia, using a Co60 therapy unit as a source. Groups A1, A2, A3 and A4 had 1,400 mg/kg C. sinensis, 4000 mg/kg P. nigrescens, 3,500 mg/kg T. occidentalis and Combined dose (1,400 mg/kg C. sinensis + 400 mg/kg P. nigrescens + 3,500 mg/kg T. occidentalis) respectively twice daily 72 hours prior to irradiation and continued throughout the 14 days of the study. Groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 had similar treatment but commenced 24 hours after exposure to radiation and likewise continued throughout the 14 days of the study. Group C were not given any treatment but also had irradiation. Results: Total Iron Binding Capacity, Ferritin, Serum Transferrin receptor and Iron were all increased significantly for all the extracts pre and post irradiation. However, C-reactive protein decreased significantly. Conclusion: Aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis leaves have good ameliorating effect on irradiation-induced injuries.

Dosimetric comparison of 60Co and 192Ir high dose rate source used in brachytherapy treatment of cervical cancer

Purpose: The study purpose included dosimetric comparison of cobalt 60 (60Co) and iridium 192 (192Ir) high dose rate (HDR) source used in brachytherapy treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans for 15 patients of carcinoma of uterine cervix using 3-mm slice thickness were considered for the study The contouring of high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV), bladder, and rectum on CT images was done as per the GEC ESTRO guidelines with the help of magnetic resonance imaging images in the treatment planning system. All parameters were kept the same for 60Co (3.5 mm active length, 0.5 mm active dia, Bebig) and 192Ir (3.5 mm active length, 0.6 mm active dia, Bebig) HDR source with 2.5-mm step size and dose prescription to Point A. As per the International Commission on Radiation Unit (ICRU)-89 guidelines, the dose–volume parameters such as D50(Gy), D90(Gy), and D98(Gy) for HRCTV and D0.1cc (Gy), D1cc (Gy), D2cc (Gy), and D5cc (Gy) to the bladder and rectum were calculated for both the HDR sources. Results: The difference in dose–volume histogram parameters such as D50,D90,and D98 of HRCTV was 3.19%, 1.13%, and 0.50%, respectively, for the two radioisotopes. The difference in dose values of D0.1cc, D1cc, D2cc, D5cc, and ICRU reference points of bladder was –0.58%, –0.67%, –0.99%, –0.94%, and –1.75%, respectively. On the other hand, dose difference for D0.1cc, D1cc, D2cc, D5cc, and ICRU reference points of rectum was 0.67%, 0.26%, 0.56%, 0.63%, and –0.33%, respectively. Conclusions: The present study results show that all the dose parameters of HRCTV, bladder, and rectum with 60Co were comparable with those of 192Ir HDR source. The isodose distribution is more bulge out for 60Co in cranial-caudal direction compared to that of 192Ir. However, these differences can be reduced by treatment planning optimization techniques. The clinical plan evaluation in each slice and plane is necessary to explore the logistic and financial benefits of miniaturized 60Co source over 192Ir HDR source

Descripción teórica de la posibilidad de la detección electroquímica de la gabapentina, asistida por CoO(OH) / The theoretical description for CoO(OH)-assisted gabapentine electrochemical determination

RESUMEN La posibilidad de usar el oxihidróxido del cobalto en la detección electroquímica de la gabapentina ha sido evaluada, y se sugirió un mecanismo del desempeño del analito y del modificador. Este fue desarrollado y analizado (mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones) un modelo matemático basado en este mecanismo. La evaluación teórica confirma que el oxihidróxido de cobalto puede ser un modificador eficiente para la detección de la gabapentina, a pesar de la hibridez de su mecanismo de oxidación. La posibilidad y las causas de los comportamientos oscilatorio y monotónico también han sido investigadas.

SUMMARY The possibility for the use of cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide in gabapentine electrochemical determination has been evaluated. A mechanism for analyte and modifier function has been suggested. A mathematical model based in this mechanism has been developed and analyzed (by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis). The theoretical evaluation confirms that the cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide may be an efficient modifier for gabapentine electrochemical determination, despite of the hybridity of its oxidation mechanism. The possibility and the causes for oscillatory and monotonic instabilities have also been investigated.